Motivation and Competence as Determinant Factors for Improving Employee Performnace : A Literature Review Perspective
Abstract
This literature review investigates motivation and competence as key determinants of employee performance in modern organizational settings. Analyzing 25 peer-reviewed and theoretical sources published between 2014 and 2024, the study highlights how intrinsic motivation fosters engagement, while competence—encompassing skills, knowledge, and adaptability—enables effective task execution. The findings underscore the synergistic relationship between the two: motivation drives learning, and competence reinforces confidence and performance. The review also emphasizes the role of transformational leadership, supportive organizational culture, and integrated HR practices in aligning motivation and competence. While each construct contributes independently, their interaction proves most impactful in achieving sustained high performance. This review offers valuable insights for scholars and practitioners seeking to enhance employee productivity through balanced people-centered strategies. Gaps identified include a lack of longitudinal data and limited research in emerging economies, pointing to areas for further exploration.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jpm.v11i2.87703
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