Intellectual, Emotional, Spiritual, and Adversity Quotients: Their Impact on Cognitive Performance and Interpersonal Communication of Office Management Students
Abstract
The development of the digital era requires vocational students, especially in the field of office management, to have cognitive competencies and interpersonal communication skills that not only develop in parallel but also are synergistically integrated. The modern workplace increasingly emphasizes the mastery of soft skills such as critical thinking, complex problem solving, collaboration, and skills in building productive social networks. This study aims to analyze the influence of intellectual intelligence (IQ), emotional intelligence (EQ), spiritual intelligence (SQ), and adversity (AQ) on the cognitive performance (CP) and interpersonal communication (IC) of office management students. This study uses a quantitative method with a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) approach with a sample of 151 office management students. The results show that IQ predominantly influences CP (β=0.432, p<0.001), followed by EQ (β=0.274, p=0.003), while SQ and AQ are not significant. In IC, EQ (β=0.345, p<0.001) and SQ (β=0.279, p<0.001) were the main predictors, while IQ had a marginal effect (β=0.156, p=0.069) and AQ was not significant. The R² values of 0.518 (CP) and 0.605 (IC) indicated moderate predictive power. These findings emphasize the importance of IQ-based competency development strategies for CP as well as EQ-SQ integration for IC, with implications for the development of a holistic vocational education curriculum.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jpm.v11i2.89245
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