Development of Bentengan and American Football Game Models to Improve Children's Motor Skills in the Digital Age
Abstract
This study aims to develop a Rugby game model as an alternative physical education learning method to improve elementary school students’ motor skills in the digital age. The Rugby game model is a modification of the traditional bentengan game, integrating elements of American football and adapted to the developmental characteristics of elementary school children. This study employed a research and development (R&D) method using a simplified Borg and Gall procedure, including needs analysis, product development, expert validation, small-group trials, revisions, and large-scale field trials. The participants comprised 15 students in the small-group trial and 30 in the large-scale trial. Data were collected through expert validation questionnaires, student responses, observations, and motor skill tests using pre-test and post-test designs. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired sample t-tests (or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests) to examine differences between pre-test and post-test results. The expert validation results indicated that the Rugby game model was highly feasible, with an average score of 96.18%. The results of the field trials showed improvements in students’ motor skills, including agility, coordination, balance, and speed, after the implementation of the model. These findings indicate positive preliminary outcomes and suggest that the Rugby game model has the potential to be an effective and practical alternative for physical education that enhances students’ motor skills.
Keywords
References
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/tegar.v9i2.97819
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