Comparative Study on Monthly Variations of Traffic-Related Ozone and Its Precursors in High and Low Vehicular Emission Areas: Education Perspective

Idongesit Edem Okon, Elaoyi D. Paul, Idongesit Bassey Anweting, Anthony Abutu Attah, Kahinde Israel Omoniyi, Patricia Adamma Ekwumemgbo

Abstract


Emissions from vehicular traffic reduce air quality and increase the concentrations of precursor pollutants (NO2, CO, and VOCs), thus influencing the variation of ground-level O3 in the air. This study compares the monthly variations in concentrations of traffic-related O3 and its precursors in high and low vehicular emission areas, carried out in situ using AeroQUAL 500 portable air analyzer across the three traffic periods [morning peak, off-peak (afternoon), and evening peak] for twelve months. Information on traffic flow was obtained by direct counting. Monthly concentrations of pollutants compared with the Nigerian Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) limits showed that maximum concentration for NO2 (0.090 ppm), VOCs (1.927 ppm), and O3 (0.063 ppm) were higher than the NAAQS limits of 0.04 – 0.06 ppm, 0.050 ppm and 0.060 ppm for NO2, VOCs and O3 respectively, informing the need to educate people in this area.

Keywords


Precursors; Pollutants; Concentrations; Variations; T-test; Traffic-related

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adeyanju, A. A., and Manohar, K. (2017b). Effects of vehicular emission on environmental pollution in Lagos. Sci-Afric Journal of Scientific Issues, Research and Essays, 5(4), 034-051.

Agbozu, I., Oghama, O., and George, P. (2015). Diurnal and spatial variation of ambient carbon monoxide concentration from vehicular emissions in Port Harcourt metropolis, Nigeria. Chemical Science Review and Letters, 4(15), 912-923.

Aneri, A. D. (2018). A review on assessment of air pollution due to vehicular emission in traffic area. International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, 8(2), 356-360.

Asin, S. E., Akpan, U. E., and Utah, E. U. (2016). An investigation of vehicular emissions in Uyo capital city, Nigeria. International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, 3(5), 219-222.

Augustine, C. (2012). Impact of air pollution on the environment in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Science and Water Resources, 1(3), 46-51.

Deng, C., Jin, Y., Zhang, M., Liu, X., and Yu, Z. (2018). Emission characteristics of VOCs from on-road vehicles in an urban tunnel in eastern China and predictions for 2017–2026. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 18, 3025 - 3034.

Ekwumemgbo, P. A, and Okon, I. E. (2023). Regression study on the impact of vehicular emission pollutants on ozone level: Chemical and material perspectives. ASEAN Journal for Science and Engineering in Materials, 2(2), 81-94.

Ekwumemgbo, P.A., Omoniyi, I.K., Godwin O.F. and Okon, I E. (2016). Inspection of the Impact of vehicular emissions on some air quality parameters in Zaria Metropolis, Kaduna, Nigeria. Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 17(1), 364-373.

Ekwumemgbo, P.A., Omoniyi, K. I., and Okon, I. E. (2015). An assessment of the Impact of vehicular emission on the proximate composition of roadside amaranthus hybridus in zaria metropolis. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management, 8, 835-845.

Emenike, G. C., and Orjinmo, C. (2017). Vehicular emissions around bus stops in Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. European Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 5(3), 19 - 33.

Enroth, J., Sanna, S., Jarkko, N., Kousa, A., Irena, J., Griša, M ˇc., Liisa, P. (2016). Chemical and physical characterization of traffic particles in four different highway environments in the Helsinki metropolitan area. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16, 5497 – 5512.

Eric, J. (2017). Cars and ground-level ozone: how do fuels compare? European Transport Research Review, 9(47), 2-13.

Gobo, A. E., Ideriah, T. J. K., Francis, T. E., and Stanley, H. O. (2012). Assessment of air quality and noise around Okrika communities, Rivers State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 16(1), 75 – 83.

Igbokwe, J. I., Nnah, S. I., Ejikeme, J. O., and Igbokwe, E. C. (2016). Mapping and analysis of transportation network of port harcourt, rivers state, using geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing. International Journal of Innovative Environmental Studies Research, 4(2), 1 - 10.

Jason, JR; Ling, W; Qinzi, X; Charles, FM; Sruti, S. and Jesus, T; Mark, TG (2017). Carbon monoxide poisoning: pathogenesis, management, and future directions of therapy. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 195(5), 596 – 606.

Karthik, B. L., Sujith B., Rizwan S. A., and Sehgal M. (2017). Characteristics of the ozone pollution and its health effects in India. International Journal of Medicine and Public Health, 7(1), 56 - 60.

Kimbrough, S., Vallero, D. A., Shores, R. C., and Mitchell, W. (2011). Enhanced, multi criteria-based site selection to measure mobile source toxic air pollutants, Transportation Research Part D, 16, 586 - 590.

Kio-Lawson, D., and Dekor, J. B. (2014). Port harcourt, the garden city: A garden of residents’ nightmare. World Environment, 4(3), 111-120.

Lähde, T., Niemi J. V., Kousa, A., Rönkkö, T., Karjalainen, T., Keskinen, J and Pirjola, L. (2014). Mobile particle and NOx emission characterization at Helsinki downtown: comparison of different traffic flow areas. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 14, 1372 - 1382.

Liu, H., Man, H., Cui, H., Wang, Y., Deng, F., Wang, Y., He, K. (2017). An updated emission inventory of vehicular VOCs and IVOCs in China. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17, 12709 – 12724.

Marzuki, I., Samsuri, A., Fong, S. Y., and Nurul, A. G. (2016). A ten-year investigation on ozone and it precursors at Kemaman, Terengganu, Malaysia. Environment Asia, 9(1), 1- 8.

Melkonyan, A., and Wagner, P. (2013). Ozone and its projection in regard to climate change. Atmospheric Environment, 67, 287-295.

Nazatul, S. Z., Nor, A. R., Maisarah, S., and Norrimi, R. A. (2014). A review of the effects of traffic, road characteristics, and meteorological conditions on ozone precursors from vehicle emissions. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 3(11), 1249 - 1252.

Nidhi, V., Aparna, S., Anita L., K., and Maharaj, K. (2015) Estimation of ground level ozone concentration in ambient air using multiple regression analysis. Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences, 5(4), 3685-3696.

Okon, I. E., Ngbale, E. O., Omoniyi, K. I., Paul, E. D., and P. A. Ekwumemgbo (2021b). Seasonal variations of traffic-related ozone and its precursors in port harcourt, Nigeria. Nigerian Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 9(2), 165-177.

Okon, I. E., Omoniyi, K. I., Paul, E, D. and Ekwumemgbo, P.A. (2021a). Influence of Vehicle Traffic Emissions on Spatial Variation of Ozone and its Precursors in Air of Port Harcourt City, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 25(8), 1357-1363.

Okonkwo, S., Okpala, K., and Opara, M. F. (2014). Assessment of automobile induced pollution in an urban area; a case study of Port-Harcourt City, Rivers State,Nigeria, Chemical and Process Engineering Research, 25, 12 - 15.

Robert, J. J. (2015). Comparison of carbon monoxide concentrations with set standards: A case study of Port-Harcourt metropolis, Nigeria. The International Journal of Engineering and Science, 4(10), 48-54.

Sawyer, R. F., (2010). Vehicle emissions, Progress and challenges. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, 2010, 487 - 488.

Sharma, S., Sharma, P., and Khare, M. (2017). Photo-chemical transport modeling of tropospheric ozone: A review. Atmospheric Environment, 159, 34–54.

Trinya,W., and Ideriah, T. J. K. (2015). Levels of nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide measured around roadside gardens in Port Harcourt metropolis. International Journal of Environmental and Agriculture Research, 1(5), 1 - 7.

Trinya,W., and Ideriah, T. J. K. (2015). Levels of nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide measured around roadside gardens in Port Harcourt metropolis. International Journal of Environmental and Agriculture Research, 1(5), 1 - 7.

Ugbebor, J. N and LongJohn, I. P. (2018). Impact of vehicular traffic on ambient air quality in selected junctions in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Science World Journal, 13(4), 39-43.

Wałaszek, K., Kryza, M., and Werner, M. (2018). The role of precursor emissions on ground level ozone concentration during summer season in Poland. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 75, 181–204.

Warmiński, K., and Bęś, A. (2018). Atmospheric factors affecting a decrease in the night-timeconcentrations of tropospheric ozone in a low-polluted urban area. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 229(350), 1-13.

Weli, V. E., and Ayoade, J. O. (2014). Seasonal analysis of atmospheric pollutants concentrations in urban and rural land use areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environment and Pollution Research, 2(3), 1 - 16.

Wen-Tien, T (2016). Toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmospheric environment: regulatory aspects and monitoring in Japan and Korea. Environments, 3(23), 1- 7.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ajsee.v4i2.59630

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

View My Stats
ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering Education (AJSEE) is published by Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI)