Pengaruh Ketimpangan Gender, Upah, dan Pengangguran terhadap Kemiskinan di Indonesia

Mita Suhesti, Muhammad Anas

Abstract


Kemiskinan merupakan tantangan sosial yang masih dihadapi Indonesia sebagai negara berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh rata-rata upah pekerja sektor formal, rata-rata upah pekerja sektor informal, tingkat pengangguran terbuka (TPT), ketimpangan pekerja berdasarkan gender, dan ketimpangan rata-rata lama sekolah berdasarkan gender terhadap persentase penduduk miskin di Indonesia periode 2016–2024. Metode yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel dengan pendekatan Random Effects Model (REM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata upah pekerja sektor formal berpengaruh negatif terhadap persentase penduduk miskin, yang berarti peningkatan upah sektor formal dapat menurunkan tingkat kemiskinan. Sebaliknya, ketimpangan rata-rata lama sekolah berdasarkan gender berpengaruh positif terhadap kemiskinan. Sementara itu, rata-rata upah pekerja sektor informal, TPT, dan ketimpangan pekerja berdasarkan gender tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap persentase penduduk miskin. Temuan ini mengindikasikan pentingnya penguatan sektor formal melalui penciptaan lapangan kerja berkualitas dan peningkatan upah, serta peningkatan akses dan kualitas pendidikan, khususnya bagi perempuan, guna mendukung penurunan kemiskinan yang lebih efektif dan berkelanjutan

Keywords


kemiskinan, rata-rata upah pekerja sektor formal, rata-rata upah pekerja sektor informal, tingkat pengangguran terbuka, ketimpangan pekerja berdasarkan gender, dan ketimpangan rata-rata lama sekolah berdasarkan gender, Random Effects Model.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijdb.v5i4.97421

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