Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning terhadap Hasil Belajar IPAS Materi Keragaman Budaya pada Siswa Kelas IV SD Negeri 68 Ambon

Abstract

This research was conducted on fourth-grade students at SD Negeri 68 Ambon with the aim of determining the effectiveness of the Discovery Learning model on IPAS learning outcomes for the cultural diversity material. The main problem underlying this research is the low active involvement of students and learning outcomes that have not yet met the minimum mastery criteria due to the use of conventional methods. This type of research is quantitative with a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The research sample consisted of 18 students selected using the total sampling technique. The instruments used include a validated essay test and an activity observation sheet. The research results show a significant increase in the average score from 53 on the pretest to 82.11 on the posttest. Hypothesis testing using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test yielded an Asymp. Sig. value of 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating a significant difference after the model was applied. Effectiveness analysis shows an average N-Gain value of 62.27%, placing this model in the fairly effective category. Additionally, it was found that the variability in student learning outcomes decreased, indicating an equalization of understanding in the classroom. The implications of this research prove that the Discovery Learning model is highly relevant to the demands of the Merdeka Curriculum in enhancing students' critical thinking skills and independence. Researchers recommend that teachers integrate this model with more flexible time allocation to optimize the generalization stage. This finding makes a significant contribution to the development of IPAS pedagogy in elementary schools, particularly in meaningfully strengthening understanding of local cultural identity.