MENGGUGAT FENOMENA EKSPLOITASI IKAN HIU DENGAN PENDEKATAN LITERASI KRITIS DI SEKOLAH DASAR

Ira Rengganis, Teguh Ibrahim, Mela Darmayanti, Winda Marlina Juwita

Abstract


Abstract: The purpose of this study is to provide an understanding of how critical literacy-based learning practices can be implemented in elementary schools by raising the issue of exploitation of nature. The practice of critical literacy-based learning in this study uses an educational model with problems whose philosophical basis derives from the critical pedagogic of Paulo Freire. The concept of education seeks to deal with humans on problematic phenomena that disturb the balance of life to be addressed critically. The phenomenon that will be sued is "massive exploitation of shark fins by humans". The research method used is qualitative with an auto-ethnographic narrative approach which aims to chronologically describe the experiences of researchers when implementing critical literacy-based learning in elementary schools. The results showed that critical literacy learning using education with problems can be implemented through three stages, namely 1) pre-reading (problematization), 2) reading stage (critical discourse discussions), and 3) post-reading stage (social action) transformative). The implication of critical literacy based learning is the rise of critical awareness of students characterized by several indicators, namely: 1) students are able to name and decipher the core of the problem of exploitation of nature and its causal relationship with greedy and vile human nature; 2) students are able to create illustrated images that represent ideal situations that should occur; 3) students are able to write critical arguments that represent suggestions, criticisms, and hopes for fishermen to be able to maintain marine ecosystems by not exploiting sharks. This research has the significance of enriching pedagogical literacy science, especially critical literacy-based learning in elementary schools.

Keywords: Critical Pedagogic, Critical Literacy, Nature Exploitation, Illustration Figure.

 

Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan pemahaman tentang bagaimana praktik pembelajaran berbasis literasi kritis dapat diimplemantisakan di sekolah dasar dengan mengangkat isu eksploitasi alam. Praktik pembelajaran berbasis literasi kritis pada penelitian ini menggunakan model pendidikan hadap masalah yang dasar filosofisnya berasal dari pedagogik kritis Paulo Freire. Konsep pendidikan ini mengupayakan penghadapan manusia pada fenomena problematik yang menganggu keseimbangan kehidupan untuk disikapi secara kritis. Fenomena yang akan digugat adalah “eksploitasi sirip ikan hiu secara masif oleh manusia”. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan naratif type auto-etnografi yang bertujuan untuk menceritakan secara kronologis pengalaman peneliti ketika mengimplementasikan pembelajaran berbasis literasi kritis di sekolah dasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran literasi kritis dengan menggunakan pendidikan hadap masalah dapat diimplementasikan melalui tiga tahap yaitu 1) tahap pra-baca (problematisasi), 2) tahap membaca (diskusi-analisis wacana kritis), dan 3) tahap pasca-baca (tindakan sosial transformatif). Implikasi dari pembelajaran berbasis literasi kritis adalah bangkitnya kesadaran kritis siswa yang ditandai oleh beberapa indikator yaitu : 1) siswa mampu menamai dan mengurai inti dari problematika eksploitasi alam dan hubungan kausalitasnya dengan sifat manusia yang serakah dan keji ; 2) siswa mampu mengkreasikan gambar ilustrasi yang merepresentasikan situasi ideal yang seharusnya terjadi; 3) siswa mampu menulis karangan argumentasi kritis yang merepresentasikan saran, kritik, dan harapan pada para nelayan agar mampu menjaga ekosistem laut dengan tidak melakukan eksploitasi ikan hiu. Penelitian ini memiliki signifikansi memperkaya keilmuan pedagogik mulitiliterasi khususnya pembelajaran berbasis literasi kritis di sekolah dasar. 

Kata Kunci : Pedagogik Kritis, Literasi Kritis, Eksploitasi Alam, Gambar Ilustrasi.


Keywords


Pedagogik Kritis, Literasi Kritis, Eksploitasi Alam, Gambar Ilustrasi.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/eh.v11i1.14179

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