International Film Festivals: The Power of Censorship in Post-Reform Indonesia (1998–2008)
Abstract
Indonesia’s 1998 Reformasi marked a transition from the authoritarian New Order (1967–1998) to a democratic political system that expanded freedom of expression. Nevertheless, the Indonesian Film Censorship Board (Lembaga Sensor Film/LSF) continued to play a central role in regulating film circulation. This study examines the persistence of film censorship during the early Reformasi period and identifies the political, social, and institutional factors sustaining it. Using historical methods, the study integrates archival research with interviews involving organizers of international film festivals in Indonesia. Drawing on theories of social change and power, the findings reveal that the LSF remained an instrument of state control despite democratization. This continuity was driven by concerns over political and social stability, pressure from conservative groups, and diplomatic interests. As a result, films addressing sensitive issues, including politics, religion, sexuality, and violence, continued to face censorship or prohibition, including at international film festivals. The study concludes that Reformasi altered the political context of censorship but not its institutional logic, allowing state control over cultural expression to persist in post-authoritarian Indonesia.
Keywords: Film censorship; Film Censorship Board (LSF); International film festivals; Reformasi era; State control.
Abstrak
Reformasi 1998 di Indonesia menandai transisi dari rezim Orde Baru (1967–1998) menuju sistem politik yang lebih demokratis dengan jaminan kebebasan berekspresi yang lebih luas. Namun, di bidang perfilman, praktik sensor tetap berlanjut melalui Lembaga Sensor Film (LSF). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keberlanjutan peran LSF pada dekade pertama Reformasi serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempertahankan praktik sensor film. Penelitian menggunakan metode sejarah dengan memadukan analisis arsip dan wawancara terhadap penyelenggara festival film internasional di Indonesia. Analisis didasarkan pada teori perubahan sosial dan teori kekuasaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LSF tetap berfungsi sebagai instrumen kontrol negara meskipun terjadi demokratisasi politik. Keberlanjutan tersebut dipengaruhi oleh kepentingan menjaga stabilitas sosial-politik, tekanan kelompok konservatif, serta pertimbangan diplomatik dalam mempertahankan citra Indonesia di tingkat internasional. Akibatnya, film yang mengangkat isu-isu sensitif, seperti politik, agama, seksualitas, dan kekerasan, masih mengalami penyensoran atau pelarangan, termasuk dalam penyelenggaraan festival film internasional. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Reformasi mengubah konteks politik penyensoran, tetapi tidak mengubah secara mendasar logika kelembagaan sensor, sehingga kontrol negara terhadap produksi budaya tetap berlangsung dan terus membatasi kebebasan berekspresi pada era pasca-Orde Baru.Reformasi.
Kata Kunci : Festival film internasional; Indonesia; Lembaga Sensor Film (LSF); Reformasi; sensor film.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/historia.v9i1.98120
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