PEDAGOGIK LITERASI KRITIS ; SEJARAH, FILSAFAT DAN PERKEMBANGANNYA DI DUNIA PENDIDIKAN

Ani Hendriani

doi:10.17509/pdgia.v16i1.10811

PEDAGOGIK LITERASI KRITIS ; SEJARAH, FILSAFAT DAN PERKEMBANGANNYA DI DUNIA PENDIDIKAN

Ani Hendriani

Abstract

Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsep pedagogik literasi kritis, mulai dari sejarah, pemikiran para filsuf, dan perkembangannya di dunia pendidikan dewasa ini. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh masih jarangnya pembahasan literasi sebagai kekuatan pengubah struktur sosial, pendidikan literasi kritis dapat membantu siswa untuk menandai dan mengurai beragam teks yang merepresentasikan marjinalisasi sosial, penyalahgunaan kekuasaan, ketidakadilan, penindasan, isu ras, isu gender, dan beragam kesenjangan sosial lainnya. Pendidikan literasi kritis akan membantu siswa menjadi agensi untuk mengubah realitas sosial yang kurang memihak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis konsep dengan desain analisis generik (McMillan & Schumacher, 2001) atau integrative review (Whittemore and Knafl 2005). Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sejarah literasi kritis dimulai dari pemikiran Paulo Freire, seorang pedagog dari Brazil yang banyak membawa perubahan di dunia pendidikan melalui pemikirannya tentang konsep literasi sebagai aktivitas membaca kata dan dunia, literasi kritis juga dianggap sebagai kekuatan sosial (Gramsci), perjuangan emansipasi wanita (Ajayi), Agensi dan pemecahan masalah sosial (Hendriani dkk). Penelitian ini memiliki signifikansi untuk memperkaya khazanah pedagogik pada umumnya, khususnya pedagogik kritis pada lingkup pendidikan literasi. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah untuk pengembangan pendidikan berbasis literasi kritis pada jenjang pendidikan dasar sampai pendidikan tinggi.

This paper aims to analyze the concept of critical literacy pedagogy, from history, philosophers' thinking, and its development in the world of education today. This research is motivated by the rarely discussed literacy as a power to change social structure, critical literacy education can help students to mark and parse various texts representing social marginalization, abuse of power, injustice, oppression, racial issues, gender issues, and various other social inequalities. Critical literacy education will help students become an agency to change the impartiality of social reality. The research method used is concept analysis with generic analysis design (McMillan & Schumacher, 2001) or integrative review (Whittemore and Knafl 2005). The results of the research indicate that the history of critical literacy begins with the thought of Paulo Freire, a Brazilian pedagogue who brought much change in the world of education through his thoughts on the concept of literacy as the activity of reading the word and the world, critical literacy also regarded as social forces (Gramsci), the struggle for emancipation women (Ajayi), Agency and social problem solving (Hendriani et al). This study has significance to enrich the pedagogic treasures in general, especially critical pedagogy on the scope of literacy education. The implications of this research are for the development of critical literacy-based education at the elementary to higher education level.

Keywords

Agensi; Literasi Kritis; Mulitliterasi; Pedagogik Kritis; Agency; Critical Literacy; Critical Pedagogy; Multiliteracy

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/pdgia.v16i1.10811