Revealing the Legacy of Ki Hajar Dewantara: Reforming Educational Policies in the Contemporary Context

Abstract

This study explores the enduring relevance of Ki Hajar Dewantara’s educational philosophy in shaping modern educational thought and policy. Dewantara, the founder of the Taman Siswa movement, advocated for a holistic approach to education that integrates intellectual, moral, and physical development while emphasizing the preservation of local cultural identity amidst global influences. His principles—Ing Ngarsa Sung Tuladha (leading by example), Ing Madya Mangun Karsa (fostering initiative), and Tut Wuri Handayani (providing supportive guidance)—serve as the foundation for creating inclusive, culturally responsive, and character-driven educational systems. In response to contemporary challenges such as inclusivity, equity, and the impact of globalization, this article examines how Dewantara’s framework can be adapted to modern education. By integrating local cultural values and global competencies, Dewantara’s philosophy offers a comprehensive model for policy reforms that empower educators, foster student agency, and nurture ethical, globally-minded individuals. Through a qualitative approach combining historical analysis and literature review, this study highlights the practical application of Dewantara's principles in contemporary educational settings and outlines a policy framework to guide educational transformation.