The Impact of Digital Cultural Transformation on Elementary School Students' Identity in the Era of Globalization

Hasmawati Hasmawati; Irwan Djumat; Nani I. Rajaloa

doi:10.53400/mimbar-sd.v12i4.91609

The Impact of Digital Cultural Transformation on Elementary School Students' Identity in the Era of Globalization

Hasmawati Hasmawati, Irwan Djumat, Nani I. Rajaloa

Abstract

The limited understanding and use of social media by teachers and parents in shaping elementary school students has negatively affected local cultural values and character development. Studying the use of social media among elementary school students is therefore urgent, as it can influence self-perception, cultural identity, and potential future risks. The purpose of this study is to analyze the direct impact of social media on the formation of student identity and to identify the factors that support the effective management of social media use in elementary education settings. This research employed a quantitative survey approach with a sample of 360 respondents. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire ranging from 1 (Strongly disagree) to 5 (Strongly agree). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear regression with SPSS Version 29.0. The findings revealed that social media use significantly influences children’s perceptions of identity and local culture, highlighting the role of intensive supervision by teachers and parents as well as the importance of integrating digital literacy into learning materials. In conclusion, digital literacy and active environmental involvement have a positive impact on the character development of elementary school students. The practical implication is that digital literacy training within the school environment supports students in forming a positive cultural identity.

Keywords

Digital Literacy; Digital Management; Elementary School; Local Culture; Social Media

Full Text:

PDF

References

Akter, A., Tan, K. H., & Muslim, N. (2024). Versatility of social networking sites in meeting the acculturation needs of migrant populations between 2019 and 2023. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03341-6

Alalalmeh, S. O., Hegazi, O. E., Shahwan, M., Hassan, N., Humaid Alnuaimi, G. R., Alaila, R. F., Jairoun, A., Tariq Hamdi, Y., Abdullah, M. T., Abdullah, R. M., & Zyoud, S. H. (2024). Assessing mental health among students in the UAE: A cross-sectional study utilizing the DASS-21 scale. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 32(4), 101987.1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2024.101987

Amoozad Mahdiraji, H., Abbasi Kamardi, A., Razavi Hajiagha, S. H., & Vrontis, D. (2024). Unveiling the controversies of brand identity management: A holistic framework for global B2B companies through a hybrid systematic literature review and interpretive structural modelling. Industrial Marketing Management, 121(May), 179–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2024.07.016

Andrade, L. I., & Viñán-Ludeña, M. S. (2025). Mapping research on ICT addiction: a comprehensive review of Internet, smartphone, social media, and gaming addictions. Frontiers in Psychology, 16(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1578457

Asmayawati, Yufiarti, & Yetti, E. (2024). Pedagogical innovation and curricular adaptation in enhancing digital literacy: A local wisdom approach for sustainable development in Indonesia context. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 10(1), 100233.1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2024.100233

Banić, L., & Orehovački, T. (2024). A Comparison of Parenting Strategies in a Digital Environment: A Systematic Literature Review. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 8(4), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti8040032

Barikzai, S., Bharathi S, V., & Perdana, A. (2024). Challenges and strategies in e-learning adoption in emerging economies: a scoping review. Cogent Education, 11(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2400415

Bergkamp, T. L. G., Meijer, R. R., den Hartigh, R. J. R., Frencken, W. G. P., & Niessen, A. S. M. (2022). Examining the reliability and predictive validity of performance assessments by soccer coaches and scouts: The influence of structured collection and mechanical combination of information. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 63(July), 102257.1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102257

Birhan, W., Shiferaw, G., Amsalu, A., Tamiru, M., & Tiruye, H. (2021). Exploring the context of teaching character education to children in preprimary and primary schools. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 4(1), 100171.1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2021.100171

Cai, Y., Kamarudin, S., & Nujaimi, S. (2025). Willingness to share information on social media : a systematic literature review ( 2020 – 2024 ). June, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1567506

Candeloro, G., & Tartari, M. (2025). Heritage-led sustainable development in rural areas: The case of Vivi Calascio community-based cooperative. Cities, 161(101004627), 105920.1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2025.105920

Chiu, T. K. F. (2023). The impact of Generative AI (GenAI) on practices, policies and research direction in education: a case of ChatGPT and Midjourney. Interactive Learning Environments, 4820(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2023.2253861

Clemente-Suárez, V. J., Beltrán-Velasco, A. I., Herrero-Roldán, S., Rodriguez-Besteiro, S., Martínez-Guardado, I., Martín-Rodríguez, A., & Tornero-Aguilera, J. F. (2024). Digital Device Usage and Childhood Cognitive Development: Exploring Effects on Cognitive Abilities. Children, 11(11), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11111299

Dang, T. D., Phan, T. T., Vu, T. N. Q., La, T. D., & Pham, V. K. (2024). Digital competence of lecturers and its impact on student learning value in higher education. Heliyon, 10(17), e37318.1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37318

Davlembayeva, D., Chari, S., & Papagiannidis, S. (2024). Virtual Influencers in Consumer Behaviour: A Social Influence Theory Perspective. British Journal of Management, 36(1), 202–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12839

de Almeida Bizarria, F. P., Moreira, M. Z., Barbosa, F. L. S., Córdova, I. E. A., & Santos, G. C. (2024). Narratives on the curricularization of cross cultural management and contributions to the internationalization of higher education. Frontiers in Education, 9(November), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1303320

Dong, R., Yuan, D., Wei, X., Cai, J., Ai, Z., & Zhou, S. (2025). Exploring the relationship between social media dependence and internet addiction among college students from a bibliometric perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 16(March), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1463671

Du, S., Hashim, N., & Kamarudin, S. (2024). Digital and Social Interaction: A Systematic Literature Review of TikTok’s Appeal via Uses and Gratifications Theory. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 22(2), 8113–8129. https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.2.00614

Engel, E., Gell, S., Heiss, R., & Karsay, K. (2024). Social media influencers and adolescents’ health: A scoping review of the research field. Social Science and Medicine, 340(September 2023), 116387.1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116387

Farah, A. A., Mohamed, M. A., Musse, O. S. H., & Nor, B. A. (2025). The multifaceted impact of climate change on agricultural productivity: a systematic literature review of SCOPUS-indexed studies (2015–2024). Discover Sustainability, 6(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01229-2

Fernández-Planells, A., Orduña-Malea, E., & Feixa Pàmpols, C. (2021). Gangs and social media: A systematic literature review and an identification of future challenges, risks and recommendations. New Media and Society, 23(7), 2099–2124. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444821994490

Gebremariam, H. T., Dea, P., & Gonta, M. (2024). Digital socialization: Insights into interpersonal communication motives for socialization in social networks among undergraduate students. Heliyon, 10(20), e39507.1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39507

Gu, M. M., Patkin, J., & Kirkpatrick, A. (2014). The dynamic identity construction in English as lingua franca intercultural communication: A positioning perspective. System, 46(1), 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2014.07.010

Hamzah, F., Abdullah, A. H., & Ma, W. (2024). Advancing Education through Technology Integration, Innovative Pedagogies and Emerging Trends: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 41(1), 44–63. https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.41.1.4463

Hasan, K., & Juhannis, H. (2024). Religious education and moderation: A bibliometric analysis. Cogent Education, 11(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2292885

Hemsley, B., Given, F., Almond, B., Cooper, J., Smith, R., Young, K., & Wright, E. (2024). A Critical Review of Literature on Social Media and Developmental Communication Disability: Implications for Future Social Media and Generative AI Research. Current Developmental Disorders Reports, 11(2), 75–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40474-024-00297-9

Henriques, R., Figueiredo, F., & Nunes, J. (2023). Consumers’ Perspectives on Circular Economy: Main Tendencies for Market Valorization. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(19), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914292

Hew, K. F., & Xiao, Y. (2025). Challenges to parental engagement in K ‐ 12 online learning during the pandemic: Lessons learned and a tripartite model for future involvement. MAIMAITI, 26(March), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/fer3.70007

Hikmat, R., Suryani, S., Yosep, I., & Jeharsae, R. (2024). Empathy’s Crucial Role: Unraveling Impact on Students Bullying Behavior - A Scoping Review. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 17(1), 3483–3495. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S469921

Huang, J. Z. (2023). A break in the cloud: the local sociotechnical affordances underlying global internet infrastructures. Technology in Society, 74(July), 102319.1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102319

Ika Sari, G., Winasis, S., Pratiwi, I., Wildan Nuryanto, U., & Basrowi. (2024). Strengthening digital literacy in Indonesia: Collaboration, innovation, and sustainability education. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 10(May), 101100.1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101100

Ismail, A., Munsi, H., Yusuf, A. M., & Hijjang, P. (2025). Mapping One Decade of Identity Studies: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis of Global Trends and Scholarly Impact. Social Sciences, 14(2), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14020092

Jamal, A. (2017). Neo-Zionism and Palestine: The unveiling of settler-colonial practices in mainstream Zionism. Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies, 16(1), 47–78. https://doi.org/10.3366/hlps.2017.0152

Javaid, M., Haleem, A., Singh, R. P., & Sinha, A. K. (2024). Digital economy to improve the culture of industry 4.0: A study on features, implementation and challenges. Green Technologies and Sustainability, 2(2), 100083.1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.grets.2024.100083

Jones, S., Bonacchi, C., Robson, E., Broccoli, E., Hiscock, A., Biondi, A., Nucciotti, M., Guttormsen, T. S., Fouseki, K., & Díaz-Andreu, M. (2024). Assessing the dynamic social values of the ‘deep city’: An integrated methodology combining online and offline approaches. Progress in Planning, 187(June 2023), 1-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progress.2024.100852

Kapos, F. P., Craig, K. D., Anderson, S. R., Bernardes, S. F., Hirsh, A. T., Karos, K., Keogh, E., Reynolds Losin, E. A., McParland, J. L., Moore, D. J., & Ashton-James, C. E. (2024). Social Determinants and Consequences of Pain: Toward Multilevel, Intersectional, and Life Course Perspectives. Journal of Pain, 25(10), 104608.1-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104608

Kimmons, R., & Veletsianos, G. (2014). The fragmented educator 2.0: Social networking sites, acceptable identity fragments, and the identity constellation. Computers and Education, 72(1), 292–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.12.001

Kwilinski, A., Merritt, P., & Wróblewski, Ł. (2024). Advancing Sustainable Development Goals through Digital Culture: A Global Research Overview. Cultural Management: Science and Education, 8(1), 61–80. https://doi.org/10.30819/cmse.8-1.04

Lee, D., Ng, P. M. L., & Bogomolova, S. (2020). The impact of university brand identification and eWOM behaviour on students’ psychological well-being: a multi-group analysis among active and passive social media users. Journal of Marketing Management, 36(3–4), 384–403. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2019.1702082

Liu, T., Cheng, Y., Luo, Y., Wang, Z., Pang, P. C. I., Xia, Y., & Lau, Y. (2024). The Impact of Social Media on Children’s Mental Health: A Systematic Scoping Review. Healthcare (Switzerland), 12(23), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12232391

Maemonah, M., Zuhri, H., Masturin, M., Syafii, A., & Aziz, H. (2023). Contestation of Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia: Content analysis on social media. Cogent Education, 10(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2022.2164019

Mariyono, D., Alifatul Kamila, A. N., & Alif Hidayatullah, A. N. (2024). Unity in diversity: navigating global connections through cultural exchange. Quality Education for All, 2(1), 114–137. https://doi.org/10.1108/QEA-10-2024-0122

Merino, M., Tornero-Aguilera, J. F., Rubio-Zarapuz, A., Villanueva-Tobaldo, C. V., Martín-Rodríguez, A., & Clemente-Suárez, V. J. (2024). Body Perceptions and Psychological Well-Being: A Review of the Impact of Social Media and Physical Measurements on Self-Esteem and Mental Health with a Focus on Body Image Satisfaction and Its Relationship with Cultural and Gender Factors. Healthcare (Switzerland), 12(14), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141396

Nawaz, S. (2024). Distinguishing between effectual, ineffectual, and problematic smartphone use: A comprehensive review and conceptual pathways model for future research. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 14(May), 100424.1-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2024.100424

Omoyajowo, K. O., Raimi, M. O., Omoyajowo, K. A., Makengo, M. B., Adegboyo, S., Innocent, D. C., Oni, S., Oguntuyi, J., Oyediran, A., Ogunyebi, A. L., & Kakwi, D. (2024). Towards a Reduced Pollution Society: Systematic Review on the Role of Storytelling, Social Media, Humor and Celebrities’ Influence for Research Communication. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 28(2), 603–623. https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v28i2.34

Pellegrino, A., & Stasi, A. (2024). A bibliometric analysis of the impact of media manipulation on adolescent mental health: Policy recommendations for algorithmic transparency. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 14(4), e202453.1-19. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/15143

Rodríguez-Zurita, D., Jaya-Montalvo, M., Moreira-Arboleda, J., Raya-Diez, E., & Carrión-Mero, P. (2024). Sustainable development through service learning and community engagement in higher education: a systematic literature review. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 29(May 2025), 1-45. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-10-2023-0461

Saha, R., Ahlawat, S., Akram, U., Jangbahadur, U., Dhaigude, A. S., Sharma, P., & Kumar, S. (2024). Online abuse: a systematic literature review and future research agenda. International Journal of Conflict Management, 27(1), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-09-2023-0188

Sakti, S. A., Endraswara, S., & Rohman, A. (2024). Revitalizing local wisdom within character education through ethnopedagogy apporach: A case study on a preschool in Yogyakarta. Heliyon, 10(10), e31370.1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31370

Säljö, R., & Hjörne, E. (2024). Situated action, double dialogicality and the sociogenesis of categorizing in institutional practices: Diversity in schooling from vicious children to neuropsychiatric diagnoses. Language Sciences, 103, 101623.1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101623

Samper-Márquez, J. J., & Oropesa-Ruiz, N. F. (2025). Scoping Review on Digital Creativity: Definition, Approaches, and Current Trends. Education Sciences, 15(2), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15020202

Saraiva, M., & Nogueiro, T. (2025). Perspectives and Realities of Disengagement Among Younger Generation Y and Z Workers in Contemporary Work Dynamics. Administrative Sciences, 15(4), 1–39. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15040133

Satwika, P. A., Suhariadi, F., & Samian. (2025). Exploring proactive work behavior: a scoping review of research trends and theories. Cogent Business and Management, 12(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2025.2465904

Saud, M., Ibrahim, A., & Ashfaq, A. (2025). Youth revelation of social media on multiculturalism and cultural integration in Indonesia. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 11(May), 101626.1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101626

Schiera, M., Faraci, F., Mannino, G., & Vantaggiato, L. (2024). The impact of the pandemic on psychophysical well-being and quality of learning in the growth of adolescents (aged 11–13): a systematic review of the literature with a PRISMA method. Frontiers in Psychology, 15(September), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1384388

Shadiev, R., Sintawati, W., Kerimbayev, N., & Altinay, F. (2024). Systematic Review (2003–2023): Exploring Technology-Supported Cross-Cultural Learning through Review Studies. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(2), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020755

Sokolova, K., Perez, C., & Vessal, S. R. (2024). Using social media for health: How food influencers shape home-cooking intentions through vicarious experience. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 204(May), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123462

Sumbal, M. S., Tariq, A., Amber, Q., Janovská, K., & Ferraris, A. (2024). Tech revolution unleashed: Navigating the winds of digital transformation in the fast lane. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 9(4), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100551

Torres-Pruñonosa, J., Batlle, A. A., De Esteban Curiel, J., & Díez-Martín, F. (2024). The intellectual structure of destination image research in tourism (2001–2023): Background, pre-pandemic overview, shifts during COVID-19 and implications for the future. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 30(1), 143–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/13567667231205065

van Zoonen, W., Sivunen, A. E., & Treem, J. W. (2024). Algorithmic management of crowdworkers: Implications for workers’ identity, belonging, and meaningfulness of work. Computers in Human Behavior, 152(February 2023), 108089.1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.108089

Vrontis, D., Shams, R., Thrassou, A., & Kafouros, M. (2024). Global strategy evolution, devolution or revolution: Disruptions to globalization and international business introversion. Journal of International Management, 30(5), 101188.11-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2024.101188

Wachs, S., Wright, M. F., & Gámez-Guadix, M. (2024). From hate speech to HateLess. The effectiveness of a prevention program on adolescents’ online hate speech involvement. Computers in Human Behavior, 157(December 2023), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2024.108250

Wu, Q., Tan, Y., Sun, G., & Ding, Q. (2023). The relationship between self-concept clarity, athletic identity, athlete engagement and the mediating roles of quality of life and smartphone use in Chinese youth athletes. Heliyon, 9(10), e21197.1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21197

Zehra, S., & Kesharwani, S. (2024). Social Media Marketing: A Bibliometric Analysis. Global Journal of Enterprise Information System, 27(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-025-00465-2

Zhu, S., Wang, Z., Zhuang, Y., Jiang, Y., Guo, M., Zhang, X., & Gao, Z. (2024). Exploring the impact of ChatGPT on art creation and collaboration: Benefits, challenges and ethical implications. Telematics and Informatics Reports, 14(December 2023), 100138.1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teler.2024.100138

DOI: https://doi.org/10.53400/mimbar-sd.v12i4.91609

Refbacks

There are currently no refbacks.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

View Mimbar Sekolah Dasar Stats